Let's start mentioning in passing
Sawielly Tartakower (21-02-1887 - 05-02-1956) the Polish-French chess player and witty writer whose aphorisms are remembered by all well-read chess players.
Karel Pospíšil (21-02-1867 - 06-04-1929) Czech composer
Karel Pospíšil was a
pianist and music composer, but also a chess composer.
The problem below has nice key and a brutal threat, but the variations deserve being sought:
Pospíšil, Karel
Světozor, 1885
Show Solution1.Bh2 ! (2.Sd2/Sd6#)
1...Kxe6 2.Qd7+ Kxf6, Kxd7 3.hxg5, Sb6#
1...Be5 2.Se3+ Kd6, Ke4 3.Sf5, Bd5#
1...Ke4 2.Sd6+ Kf3 3.Bd1# (this variation explains why 1.Bg3? would be too short)
1...Rxb5 2.Sd2+ Kc6 3.Qc7#
1...Ra3 2.Se3+
1...axb5 2.Sd2+ Kc6 3.Qc7# or 2.Se3+ etc.
Josef Vančura (21-02-1870 - 26-05-1930) Czech composer
Josef Vančura must not be confounded with his son
Josef (Jan) Vančura.
Vančura, Josef
Světozor, 1913
Show Solution1.f3 ! ZZ
1...Kd4 2.Sf5+ Kd3, Ke5 3.Bc4, Rc5#
1...Ba1 2.Bf2 (3.f4#) 2...f5 3.Sf7#
1...f5 2.Sc4+ Kd5/Kd4 3.Rd6#
David Joseph (21-02-1896 - 23-08-1984) British composer
David Joseph's study was published under more versions, but the version below is perhaps the most elegant:
Joseph, David
Sunday Express, 1921
Show Solution1.b6+! Kb8
{1...Kxb6 2.h4 and 6.h8Q will guard a1}
2.h4 a5 3.h5 a4 4.h6 a3 5.h7 a2 6.h8=Q a1=Q! 7.Qg8!
{7.Qxa1? stalemate; 7.Qe8? Qg7! =}
7...Qa2 8.Qe8!
{8.Qf8? Qe6!}
8...Qa4 9.Qe5+ Ka8 10.Qh8! and the stalemate trick does not work any more with the bK at a8.
Lars Falk (21-02-1948) Swedish composer
Lars Falk contributed to
BESN September 1999 with an interesting article "Life imitates art" (pp.116-117).
Falk, Lars
Kubbel MT, 1991
1
st Honorable Mention
Show Solution1. c7 Sc6 2. Sxc6
{2. c8=Q Sxd8+ 3. Ka7 Rxh6}
2... Rb3+ 3. Kc8
{3. Ka7 Kd7 4. h7 Rh3 5. Kb7 Rb3+}
3... Rh3
{3... Kf8 4. h7 Kg7 5. Kd8 Rf3 6. h8=Q+ Kxh8 7. Kd7 Rf7+ (7... Rf8 8. Sd8) 8. Se7 Rf8 9. Sg6+}
4. Se5 Rxh6 5. Kb8 Rd6 6. Ka7 !
{6. Kb7 Rd8 reciprocal zugzwang; 6. Ka8 Rd1}
6... Rd8 7. Kb7 reciprocal zugzwang and wins.
Yves Tallec has some great anecdotes about Tartakower; he played him in a simul and also noted that Tartakower often attended the meeting of the problemists at his Paris chess club (with Seneca et al) and was always very interested in chess problems. I have noted that he is one of the few writers of that time who use problem terminology and also correctly use the term, "a problem-like move." Too many authors use this for any flashy move.
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